History of Bangladesh

The area which is now Bangladesh has a rich historical and cultural past, the product of the repeated influx of varied peoples, bringing with them the Dravidian, Indo-Aryan, Mongol-Mughul, Arab, Persian, Turkic, and European cultures. About 1200 A.D., Muslim invaders under Sufi influence, supplanted Hindu and Buddhist dynasties, and converted most of the population of the eastern areas of Bengal to Islam. Since then, Islam has played a crucial role in the region's history and politics. In the 16th century, Bengal was absorbed into the Mughul Empire. Portuguese traders and missionaries reached Bengal in the latter part of the 15th century. They were followed by representatives of the Dutch, the French, and the British East India Companies. During the 18th and 19th centuries, especially after the defeat of the French in 1757, the British gradually extended their commercial contacts and administrative control beyond Calcutta into the remainder of Bengal and northwesterly up the Ganges River valley. In 1859, the British Crown replaced the East India Company, extending British dominion from Bengal in the east to the Indus River in the west. 19th Century In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Muslim and Hindu leaders began to press for a greater degree of independence. At the movement's forefront was the largely Hindu Indian National Congress. Growing concern about Hindu domination of the movement led Muslim leaders to form the All-India Muslim League in 1906. In 1913, the League formally adopted the same goal as the Indian National Congress: self-government for India within the British Empire. The Congress and the League were unable, however, to agree on a formula to ensure the protection of Muslim religious, economic, and political rights. Over the next 2 decades, mounting tension between Hindus and Muslims led to a series of bitter intercommunal conflicts. 20th Century The idea of a separate Muslim state emerged in the 1930s. It gained popularity among Indian Muslims after 1936, when the Muslim League suffered a decisive electoral defeat in the first elections under the 1935 constitution. On March 23, 1940, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, leader of the Muslim League, publicly endorsed the "Pakistan Resolution" that called for the creation of an independent state in regions where Muslims were a majority. At the end of World War II, the United Kingdom, under considerable international pressure to reduce the size of its overseas empire, moved with increasing urgency to grant India independence. The Congress Party and the Muslim League could not, however, agree on the terms for drafting a constitution or establishing an interim government. In June 1947, the UK declared it would grant full dominion status to two successor states--India and Pakistan. Pakistan would consist of the contiguous Muslim-majority districts of western British India, plus parts of Bengal. The various princely states could freely join either India or Pakistan. These arrangements resulted in a bifurcated Muslim nation separated by more than 1,600 kilometers (1,000 mi.) of Indian territory. West Pakistan comprised four provinces and the capital, Lahore. East Pakistan was formed of a single province. Each province had a legislature. The capital of federal Pakistan was at Islamabad. Pakistan's history for the next 26 years was marked by political instability and economic difficulties. Dominion status was rejected in 1956 in favor of an "Islamic Republic within the Commonwealth." Attempts at civilian political rule failed, and the government imposed martial law between 1958 and 1962 and 1969 and 1972. The government was dominated by Military and Oligarchies all rooted in the West. Significant amount of national revenues went towards developing the West at the expense of the East. The people of the Eastern wing began to feel increasingly dominated and exploited by the West. Frictions between West and East Pakistan culminated in a 1971 army crackdown against the East Pakistan dissident movement led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, whose Awami League (AL) Party had won 167 seats out of 313 National Assembly seats on a platform of greater autonomy for the eastern province. Mujibur Rahman was arrested and his party banned. Many of his aides and more than 10 million Bengali refugees fled to India, where they established a provisional government. India and Pakistan went to war in late November 1971. The combined Indian-Bengali forces soon overwhelmed Pakistan's army contingent in the East. By the time Pakistan's forces surrendered on December 16, 1971, India had taken numerous prisoners and gained control of a large area of East Pakistan, which is now Bangladesh. Post Independence Era Mujibur Rahman came to office with immense personal popularity but had difficulty quickly transforming this support into political legitimacy. The 1972 constitution created a strong prime ministership, an independent judiciary, and a unicameral legislature on a modified British model. More importantly, it enunciated as state policy the Awami League's four basic principles--nationalism, secularism, socialism, and democracy. The Awami League won a massive majority in the first parliamentary elections in March 1973. It continued as a mass movement, espousing the cause that brought Bangladesh into being and representing disparate and often incoherent elements under the banner of Bangla nationalism. No other political party in Bangladesh's early years was able to duplicate or challenge its broad-based appeal, membership, or organizational strength. The new government focused on relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of the country's war-ravaged economy and society. Economic conditions remained tenuous, however, and food and health difficulties continued to be endemic. In 1974, Mujib proclaimed a state of emergency and amended the constitution to limit the powers of the legislative and judicial branches, establish an executive presidency, and institute a one-party system. Calling these changes the "Second Revolution," Mujib assumed the presidency. All political parties were dissolved except for a single new party, the Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League (BAKSAL), which all members of parliament were obliged to join. Implementation of promised political reforms was slow, and Mujib increasingly was criticized. In August 1975, he was assassinated by mid-level army officers, and a new government, headed by a former associate, Khandakar Moshtaque, was formed. Successive military coups occurred on November 3 and 7, resulting in the emergence of Army Chief of Staff Gen. Ziaur Rahman (Zia), as strongman. He pledged the army's support to the civilian government headed by the president, Chief Justice Sayem. Acting at Zia's behest, Sayem then promulgated martial law, naming himself Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA). Ziaur Rahman was elected for a 5-year term as president in 1978. His government removed the remaining restrictions on political parties and encouraged opposition parties to participate in the pending parliamentary elections. More than 30 parties vied in the parliamentary elections of February 1979, but Zia's Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) won 207 of the 300 elected seats. In 1981, Zia was assassinated by dissident elements of the military. Vice President Justice Abdus Sattar was constitutionally sworn in as acting president. He declared a new national emergency and called for elections within 6 months. Sattar was elected president and won. Sattar was ineffective, however, and Army Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. H.M. Ershad assumed power in a bloodless coup in March 1982. Like his predecessors, Ershad dissolved parliament, declared martial law, assumed the position of CMLA, suspended the constitution, and banned political activity. Ershad reaffirmed Bangladesh's moderate, non-aligned foreign policy. In December 1983, he assumed the presidency. Over the ensuing months, Ershad sought a formula for elections while dealing with potential threats to public order. In January 1, 1986, full political rights, including the right to hold large public rallies, were restored. At the same time, the Jatiyo (People's) Party (JP), designed as Ershad's political vehicle for the transition from martial law, was established. Ershad resigned as chief of army staff, retired from military service, and was elected president in October 1986. (Both the BNP and the AL refused to put up an opposing candidate.) In July 1987, the opposition parties united for the first time in opposition to government policies. Ershad declared a state of emergency in November, dissolved parliament in December, and scheduled new parliamentary elections for March 1988. All major opposition parties refused to participate. Ershad's party won 251 of the 300 seats; three other political parties which did participate, as well as a number of independent candidates, shared the remaining seats. This parliament passed a large number of legislative bills, including a controversial amendment making Islam the state religion. By mid-1990, opposition to Ershad's rule had escalated. November and December 1990 were marked by general strikes, increased campus protests, public rallies, and a general disintegration of law and order. Ershad resigned in December 1990. On February 27, 1991, an interim government oversaw what may be one of the most free and fair elections in the nation's history. The center-right Bangladesh Nationalist Party won a plurality of seats and formed a coalition government with the Islamic fundamentalist party Jamaat-e-Islami (JI). The new Prime Minister, Begum Khaleda Zia, was the widow of the assassinated former president Ziaur Rahman. Before the death of her husband in 1981, her participation in politics was minimal. She joined the BNP in 1982 and became chairman of the party in 1984. In September 1991, the electorate approved changes to the constitution, formally creating a parliamentary system and returning governing power to the office of the prime minister, as in Bangladesh's original constitution. In October 1991, members of parliament elected a new head of state, President Abdur Rahman Biswas. Opposition legislators resigned en masse in December 1994, trying to force Khaleda to step down and allow early elections under a neutral caretaker administration. She refused and the opposition staged a series of strikes and shutdowns which economists say have slowed reforms and the pace of economic recovery. President Abdur Rahman Biswas dissolved parliament in November 1995 and called new elections for February 1996. He asked Khaleda Zia to stay in office until a successor was chosen. The opposition parties vowed to not to take part in the elections while Khaleda remained in office and boycotted the elections They said the elections had been rigged to ensure the BNP a landslide victory. They staged a series of crippling strikes and transport blockades, trying to force Khaleda to annul the election and transfer power to a neutral caretaker government. The new parliament bowed to opposition demands and passed a law March 26 allowing the president to form a caretaker government, Former chief justice Habibur Rahman was asked to head a caretaker government and parliament was dissolved. Elections were completed June 23, 1996 with the Awami League garnering the highest number of seats. The leader of the Awami League, Sheikh Hasina Wazed, was sworn in as the new Prime Minister of Bangladesh. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was elected unopposed to replace Biswas as the next president of Bangladesh. The latter part of Awami League's tenure was marked by opposition boycott of the parliament and increasingly violent attempts at forcing early elections. However, Awami League completed its five year tenure and became the first govenment to complete its tenure in Bangladesh. New elections were held on October 1, 2001 under the aegis of a caretaker government as enshrined in the constitution of Bangladesh. These elections were won by a coalition of the BNP and three other parties led by Khaleda Zia. Begum Zia was subsequently sworn in as the Prime Minister. Political stability still appears to be a remote dream, since the Awami League alleges widespread rigging and vote manipulation and stayed away from the parliament. Independent and international observers have however termed the 2001 elections as free and fair. The end of BNP's five year stint was also marked by a repeat (this time by the AL) of opposition boycott of the parliament and increasingly violent attempts at forcing early elections. There was severe lack of consensus between the government and the opposition regarding the head of the interim caretaker administration. Under Bangladesh's unique system, when an administration comes to the end of its term it hands over to an unelected interim government which has 90 days to organise elections. Violent protests broke out after the opposition objected to the nomination of ex-Chief Justice KM Hasan to head the interim administration as per the constitution. As a member of the BNP in his early days, his nomination was not palatable to them. On Saturday Mr Hasan pulled out just before he was due to be sworn in. The president urged parties to find a replacement by Sunday afternoon. Mr Iajuddin Ahmed then held separate talks with party leaders, but failed to reach agreement on a compromise candidate. Finally, President Iajuddin Ahmed has been sworn in as head of an interim government after the main political parties failed to agree on a candidate. His decision to take the job without opposition backing is the last constitutional option available. After increasingly violent clashes between political parties, a new caretaker government was sworn in with the backing of the armed forces. Erstwhile Bangadesh Bank governor Dr. Fakruddin Ahmed was sworn in as the Chief Adviser. An emergency was declared and the government suspended certain fundamental rights guaranteed by the constitution and detained a large number of politicians and others on suspicion of involvement in corruption and other crimes. The government announced elections would occur in late 2008. On December 29, 2008 Bangladesh went to the polls and the nation elected the Grand Alliance which was led by Sheikh Hasina's Awami League and backed by Hussain Mohammed Ershad's Jatiya Party. The Awami League won an absolute majority on its own accrod. Khaleda Zia's BNP-led Four Party Alliance suffered a resounding defeat. Sheikh Hasina became Prime Minister and formed the government.

Mother's Day

In 1912, Anna Jarvis trademarked the phrases "second Sunday in May" and "Mother's Day", and created the Mother's Day International Association.She specifically noted that "Mother's" should "be a singular possessive, for each family to honor their mother, not a plural possessive commemorating all mothers in the world."^[9] This is also the spelling used by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in the law making official the holiday in the United States, by the U.S. Congress in relevant bills, and by various U.S. presidents in their proclamations concerning Mother's Day. However, "Mothers' Day" (plural possessive) or "Mothers Day" (plural non-possessive) are also sometimes seen.

The modern holiday of Mother's Day was first celebrated in 1908, when Anna Jarvis held a memorial for her mother in Grafton, West Virginia. She then began a campaign to make "Mother's Day" a recognized holiday in the United States. Although she was successful in 1914, she was already disappointed with its commercialization by the 1920s. Jarvis' holiday was adopted by other countries and it is now celebrated all over the world. In this tradition, each person offers a gift, card, or remembrance toward their mothers, grandmothers, and/ or maternal figure on mother's day.

Various observances honoring mothers existed in America during the 1870s and the 1880s, but these never had resonance beyond the local level. Jarvis never mentioned Julia Ward Howe's attempts in the 1870s to establish a "Mother's Day for Peace", nor any connection to the Protestant school celebrations that included "Children's Day" amongest others. Neither did she mention the traditional festival of Mothering Sunday, but always said that the creation was hers alone. For more information on previous attempts, see the "United States" section in this article.

World Countries profile

This article will provide you the profiles of world countries.

The following table lists all recognized sovereign states in the world with detailed information, including capital city, currencies, population, land area, population density, birth rate, death rate and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

You can also click a column heading to instantly sort by that column.

Name (English)	Location (Continent)	Capital city (official)	Currency (poss. multiple)	Population (inhabitants)	Area (km²)	Pop. density (inhabitants/km²)	GDP (nominal) (millions of USD)	Life exp. (years)	Birth rate (births/1,000)	Death rate (deaths/1,000)
Abkhazia	Asia (Central West)	Sukhumi	Georgian lari; Russian ruble	216,000	8,600	25	-	-	-	-
Afghanistan	Asia (Central)	Kabul	Afghan afghani	29,863,010	652,090	46	7,168	42.90	46.60	20.75
Albania	Europe (South East)	Tirana	Albanian lek	3,129,678	28,748	109	8,379	77.24	15.11	5.12
Algeria	Africa (North Central)	Algiers	Algerian dinar	32,853,800	2,381,741	13	102,257	73.00	17.14	4.60
Andorra	Europe (South West)	Andorra la Vella	Euro	67,151	468	143	960	83.51	8.71	6.07
Angola	Africa (South West)	Luanda	Angolan kwanza	15,941,390	1,246,700	12	28,038	38.43	45.11	24.50
Antigua and Barbuda	North America (South East)	St. John's	East Caribbean dollar	81,479	442	184	905	71.90	16.93	5.44
Argentina	South America (South East)	Buenos Aires	Argentine peso	38,747,150	2,780,400	13	183,309	75.91	16.73	7.56
Armenia	Asia (Central West)	Yerevan	Armenian dram	3,016,312	29,800	101	4,903	71.55	12.07	8.16
Australia	Oceana (South West)	Canberra	Australian dollar	20,155,130	7,741,220	2	700,672	81.01	12.14	7.44
Austria	Europe (South Central)	Vienna	Euro	8,189,444	83,858	98	304,527	79.07	8.74	9.70
Azerbaijan	Asia (Central West)	Baku	Azerbaijani manat	8,410,801	86,600	97	12,561	63.35	20.74	9.86
Bahamas	North America (South East)	Nassau	Bahamian dollar	323,063	13,878	23	5,502	65.54	17.57	8.97
Bahrain	Asia (South West)	Manama	Bahraini dinar	726,617	694	1,047	12,995	74.23	17.80	4.08
Bangladesh	Asia (South Central)	Dhaka	Bangladeshi taka	141,822,300	143,998	985	59,958	62.08	29.80	8.40
Barbados	North America (South East)	Bridgetown	Barbadian dollar	269,556	430	627	2,976	72.59	12.71	8.74
Belarus	Europe (Central East)	Minsk	Belarusian ruble	9,755,106	207,600	47	29,566	68.72	11.16	14.15
Belgium	Europe (Central West)	Brussels	Euro	10,419,050	30,528	341	364,735	78.77	10.38	10.22
Belize	North America (South East)	Belmopan	Belize dollar	269,736	22,966	11	1,105	68.44	28.84	5.65
Benin	Africa (North West)	Cotonou	West African CFA franc	8,438,853	112,622	75	4,287	52.66	38.85	12.49
Bhutan	Asia (South Central)	Thimphu	Bhutanese ngultrum; Indian rupee	2,162,546	47,000	46	840	54.39	33.65	12.94
Bolivia	South America (Central)	La Paz	Bolivian boliviano	9,182,015	1,098,581	8	9,334	65.50	23.30	7.64
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe (South East)	Sarajevo	Convertible mark	3,907,074	51,197	76	9,369	78.00	8.77	8.08
Botswana	Africa (South Central)	Gaborone	Botswana pula	1,764,926	581,730	3	9,350	33.87	23.08	29.36
Brazil	South America (North East)	Brasília	Brazilian real	186,404,900	8,514,877	22	794,098	71.69	16.56	6.15
Brunei	Asia (South East)	Bandar Seri Begawan	Brunei dollar; Singapore dollar	373,819	5,765	65	9,531	74.80	18.79	3.42
Bulgaria	Europe (South East)	Sofia	Bulgarian lev	7,725,965	110,912	70	26,648	72.03	9.65	14.26
Burkina Faso	Africa (North West)	Ouagadougou	West African CFA franc	13,227,840	274,000	48	5,171	48.45	45.62	15.92
Burundi	Africa (Central East)	Bujumbura	Burundian franc	7,547,515	27,834	271	800	50.29	42.22	13.79
Cambodia	Asia (South East)	Phnom Penh	Cambodian riel	14,071,010	181,035	78	5,391	58.92	26.90	9.15
Cameroon	Africa (Central West)	Yaoundé	Central African CFA franc	16,321,860	475,442	34	16,985	50.89	33.89	13.63
Canada	North America (North Central)	Ottawa	Canadian dollar	32,268,240	9,970,610	3	1,115,192	80.22	10.78	7.73
Cape Verde	Africa (North West)	Praia	Cape Verdean escudo	506,807	4,033	126	1,024	70.45	24.87	6.62
Central African Republic	Africa (Central)	Bangui	Central African CFA franc	4,037,747	622,984	6	1,369	43.39	33.91	18.81
Chad	Africa (North Central)	N'Djamena	Central African CFA franc	9,748,931	1,284,000	7	5,469	47.18	45.73	16.71
Chile	South America (South West)	Valparaíso	Chilean peso	16,295,100	756,096	22	115,248	76.58	15.23	5.76
China, People's Republic of	Asia (Central East)	Beijing	Chinese yuan (renminbi)	1,315,844,000	9,596,961	137	2,228,862	72.27	13.25	6.94
Colombia	South America (North West)	Bogotá	Colombian peso	45,600,240	1,138,914	40	122,309	71.72	20.48	5.59
Comoros	Africa (South East)	Moroni	Comorian franc	797,902	2,235	357	382	61.96	36.93	8.40
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Africa (Central)	Kinshasa	Congolese franc	57,548,740	2,344,858	25	6,974	51.10	43.69	13.54
Congo, Republic of the	Africa (Central West)	Brazzaville	Central African CFA franc	3,998,904	342,000	11	5,091	52.26	42.57	13.30
Costa Rica	North America (South East)	San José	Costa Rican colón	4,327,228	51,100	85	19,432	76.84	18.32	4.33
Croatia	Europe (South East)	Zagreb	Croatian kuna	4,551,338	56,538	81	37,412	74.45	9.61	11.38
Cuba	North America (South East)	Havana	Cuban convertible peso; Cuban peso	11,269,400	110,861	102	19,356	77.23	11.89	7.19
Cyprus	Asia (Central West)	Nicosia	Cypriot pound	264,172	3,355	78	15,418	77.82	12.56	7.64
Czech Republic	Europe (Central)	Prague	Czech koruna	10,219,600	78,866	130	122,345	76.02	10.40	10.54
Denmark	Europe (North Central)	Copenhagen	Danish krone	5,430,590	43,094	126	254,401	77.79	11.13	10.43
Djibouti	Africa (North East)	Djibouti City	Djiboutian franc	793,078	23,200	34	702	43.10	39.53	19.39
Dominica	North America (South East)	Roseau	East Caribbean dollar	78,940	751	105	279	74.65	15.27	6.81
Dominican Republic	North America (South East)	Santo Domingo	Dominican peso	8,894,907	48,671	183	28,303	71.44	23.22	5.73
Ecuador	South America (North West)	Quito	United States dollar	13,228,420	283,561	47	36,244	76.21	22.29	4.24
Egypt	Africa (North East)	Cairo	Egyptian pound	74,032,880	1,001,449	74	89,336	71.00	22.94	5.26
El Salvador	North America (South East)	San Salvador	Salvadoran colón; United States Dollar	6,880,951	21,041	327	16,974	71.22	26.61	5.85
Equatorial Guinea	Africa (Central West)	Malabo	Central African CFA franc	503,519	28,051	18	3,231	49.70	35.59	15.04
Eritrea	Africa (North East)	Asmara	Eritrean nakfa	4,401,357	117,600	37	986	58.47	34.33	9.87
Estonia	Europe (North East)	Tallinn	Estonian kroon	1,329,697	45,100	29	13,107	71.77	10.04	13.21
Ethiopia	Africa (Central East)	Addis Ababa	Ethiopian birr	77,430,700	1,104,300	70	11,174	48.83	37.98	15.06
Fiji	Oceana (Central East)	Suva	Fijian dollar	847,706	18,274	46	2,810	69.53	22.55	5.65
Finland	Europe (North East)	Helsinki	Euro	5,249,060	338,145	15	193,176	78.50	10.45	9.79
France	Europe (South West)	Paris	Euro	60,495,540	551,500	110	2,110,185	79.73	11.99	9.08
Gabon	Africa (Central West)	Libreville	Central African CFA franc	1,383,841	267,668	5	8,055	55.02	36.16	12.03
Gambia	Africa (North West)	Banjul	Gambian dalasi	1,517,079	11,295	134	461	53.75	39.37	12.52
Georgia	Asia (Central West)	Tbilisi	Georgian lari	4,474,404	69,700	64	6,395	75.88	10.41	9.09
Germany	Europe (Central)	Berlin	Euro	82,689,210	357,022	232	2,781,900	78.80	8.25	10.55
Ghana	Africa (North West)	Accra	Ghanaian cedi	22,112,810	238,533	93	10,695	58.47	30.52	9.91
Greece	Europe (South East)	Athens	Euro	11,119,890	131,957	84	213,698	79.24	9.68	10.15
Grenada	North America (South East)	St. George's	East Caribbean dollar	102,924	344	260	454	64.53	22.08	7.17
Guatemala	North America (South East)	Guatemala City	Guatemalan quetzal	12,599,060	108,889	116	31,683	69.06	29.88	5.30
Guinea	Africa (North West)	Conakry	Guinean franc	9,402,098	245,857	38	2,689	49.36	41.76	15.63
Guinea-Bissau	Africa (North West)	Bissau	West African CFA franc	1,586,344	36,125	44	301	46.61	37.22	16.73
Guyana	South America (North Central)	Georgetown	Guyanese dollar	751,218	214,969	3	783	65.50	18.28	8.32
Haiti	North America (South East)	Port-au-Prince	Haitian gourde	8,527,777	27,750	307	4,245	52.92	36.44	12.34
Honduras	North America (South East)	Tegucigalpa	Honduran lempira	7,204,723	112,088	64	7,976	69.30	28.24	5.25
Hungary	Europe (South East)	Budapest	Hungarian forint	10,097,730	93,032	109	109,154	72.40	9.72	13.19
Iceland	Europe (North West)	Reykjavík	Icelandic króna	294,561	103,000	2	15,036	80.31	13.64	6.68
India	Asia (South Central)	New Delhi	Indian rupee	1,103,371,000	3,287,263	336	785,468	64.35	22.01	8.28
Indonesia	Asia (South East)	Jakarta	Indonesian rupiah	222,781,500	1,904,569	117	287,217	69.57	20.34	6.25
Iran	Asia (Central West)	Tehran	Iranian rial	69,515,210	1,648,195	42	196,343	69.96	17.00	5.55
Iraq	Asia (Central West)	Baghdad	Iraqi dinar	28,807,190	438,317	66	12,602	68.70	31.98	5.49
Ireland	Europe (North West)	Dublin	Euro	4,147,901	70,273	59	196,388	77.56	14.45	7.85
Israel	Asia (Central West)	Jerusalem	Israeli new sheqel	6,724,564	22,145	304	123,434	79.46	17.97	6.18
Italy	Europe (South Central)	Rome	Euro	58,092,740	301,318	193	1,723,044	79.81	8.72	10.30
Ivory Coast	Africa (North West)	Abidjan	West African CFA franc	18,153,870	322,463	56	16,055	48.62	35.11	14.94
Jamaica	North America (South East)	Kingston	Jamaican dollar	2,650,713	10,991	241	9,696	73.33	20.82	6.47
Japan	Asia (Central East)	Tokyo	Japanese yen	128,084,700	377,873	339	4,505,912	81.25	9.37	8.95
Jordan	Asia (Central West)	Amman	Jordanian dinar	5,702,776	89,342	64	12,861	78.40	21.25	2.63
Kazakhstan	Asia (North West)	Astana	Kazakhstani tenge	14,825,110	2,724,900	5	56,088	66.55	16.00	9.46
Kenya	Africa (Central East)	Nairobi	Kenyan shilling	34,255,720	580,367	59	17,977	47.99	39.72	14.65
Kiribati	Oceana (North East)	South Tarawa	Australian dollar; Kiribati dollar	99,350	726	137	76	61.71	30.65	8.37
Korea, North	Asia (Central East)	Pyongyang	North Korean won	22,487,660	120,538	187	5,997	71.37	15.54	7.05
Korea, South	Asia (Central East)	Seoul	South Korean won	48,846,823	99,538	480	787,624	76.85	10.00	5.72
Kuwait	Asia (South West)	Kuwait City	Kuwaiti dinar	2,686,873	17,818	151	74,658	77.03	21.94	2.42
Kyrgyzstan	Asia (Central)	Bishkek	Kyrgyzstani som	5,263,794	199,900	26	2,441	68.16	22.80	7.13
Laos	Asia (South East)	Vientiane	Lao kip	5,924,145	236,800	25	2,855	55.08	35.49	11.83
Latvia	Europe (North East)	Riga	Latvian lats	2,306,988	64,600	36	15,771	71.05	9.24	13.70
Lebanon	Asia (Central West)	Beirut	Lebanese lira	3,576,818	10,400	344	22,210	72.63	18.52	6.24
Lesotho	Africa (South Central)	Maseru	Lesotho loti; South African rand	1,794,769	30,355	59	1,453	34.47	24.75	28.67
Liberia	Africa (North West)	Monrovia	Liberian dollar	3,283,267	111,369	29	548	38.89	44.77	23.93
Libya	Africa (North Central)	Tripoli	Libyan dinar	5,853,452	1,759,540	3	38,756	76.50	26.49	3.48
Liechtenstein	Europe (South Central)	Vaduz	Swiss franc	34,521	160	216	1,315	79.68	10.21	7.06
Lithuania	Europe (North East)	Vilnius	Lithuanian litas	3,431,033	65,300	53	25,495	73.97	8.75	10.92
Luxembourg	Europe (Central West)	Luxembourg City	Euro	464,904	2,586	180	33,779	78.89	11.94	8.41
Macedonia, Former Yugoslavia Republic of	Europe (South East)	Skopje	Macedonian denar	2,034,060	25,713	79	5,762	73.73	12.02	8.73
Madagascar	Africa (South East)	Antananarivo	Malagasy ariary	18,605,920	587,041	32	5,040	56.95	41.41	11.35
Malawi	Africa (South East)	Lilongwe	Malawian kwacha	12,883,940	118,484	109	2,072	41.43	43.13	19.63
Malaysia	Asia (South East)	Putrajaya	Malaysian ringgit	25,347,370	329,847	77	130,143	72.24	22.86	5.06
Maldives	Asia (South Central)	Malé	Maldivian rufiyaa	329,198	298	1,105	817	64.06	34.81	7.24
Mali	Africa (North West)	Bamako	West African CFA franc	13,518,420	1,240,192	10	5,098	48.64	49.82	17.23
Malta	Europe (South Central)	Valletta	Maltese lira	401,630	316	1,271	5,570	79.01	10.22	8.00
Marshall Islands	Oceana (North Central)	Majuro	United States dollar	61,963	181	342	144	70.01	33.05	4.88
Mauritania	Africa (North West)	Nouakchott	Mauritanian ouguiya	3,068,742	1,025,520	3	1,888	52.73	40.99	12.44
Mauritius	Africa (South East)	Port Louis	Mauritian rupee	1,244,663	2,040	610	6,447	72.38	15.43	6.83
Mexico	North America (South Central)	Mexico City	Mexican peso	107,029,400	1,958,201	55	768,438	75.19	20.69	4.73
Micronesia, Federated States of	Oceana (North Central)	Palikir	Micronesian dollar; United States dollar	110,487	702	157	232	69.75	24.68	4.87
Moldova	Europe (Central East)	Chisinau	Moldovan leu	4,205,747	33,851	124	2,906	65.18	15.70	12.79
Monaco	Europe (South Central)	Monaco	Euro	35,253	1	23,660	847	79.69	9.19	12.71
Mongolia	Asia (North East)	Ulaanbaatar	Mongolian tugrug	2,646,487	1,564,116	1	1,880	64.52	21.59	7.03
Montenegro	Europe (South East)	Podgorica	Euro	630,548	14,026	45	27,059	74.73	12.60	9.20
Morocco	Africa (North West)	Rabat	Moroccan dirham	31,478,460	446,550	70	51,745	70.66	21.98	5.64
Mozambique	Africa (South East)	Maputo	Mozambican metical	19,792,300	801,590	25	6,630	40.32	35.18	20.99
Myanmar (Burma)	Asia (South East)	Naypyidaw	Myanmar kyat	50,519,490	676,578	75	12,151	60.70	17.91	9.85
Nagorno-Karabakh	Asia (Central West)	Khankendi	Armenian dram; Nagorno-Karabakh dram	145,000	4,400	33	-	-	-	-
Namibia	Africa (South West)	Windhoek	Namibian dollar; South African rand	2,031,252	824,292	2	6,126	43.93	24.32	18.36
Nauru	Oceana (North Central)	None	Australian dollar; Nauruan dollar	13,635	21	649	368	62.73	24.76	6.82
Nepal	Asia (South Central)	Kathmandu	Nepalese rupee	27,132,630	147,181	184	7,346	59.80	30.98	9.47
Netherlands, The	Europe (Central West)	Amsterdam	Euro	16,299,170	41,528	392	594,755	78.96	10.90	8.68
New Zealand	Oceana (South East)	Wellington	New Zealand dollar	4,028,384	270,534	14	109,041	78.81	13.76	7.53
Nicaragua	North America (South East)	Managua	Nicaraguan córdoba	5,486,685	130,000	42	4,911	70.33	24.51	4.49
Niger	Africa (North West)	Niamey	West African CFA franc	13,956,980	1,267,000	11	3,405	43.50	50.73	21.19
Nigeria	Africa (North West)	Abuja	Nigerian naira	131,529,700	923,768	142	98,951	46.74	40.43	17.18
Norway	Europe (North Central)	Oslo	Norwegian krone	4,620,275	385,155	12	283,920	79.54	11.46	9.45
Oman	Asia (South West)	Muscat	Omani rial	2,566,981	309,500	8	24,284	73.13	36.24	3.86
Pakistan	Europe (South Central)	Islamabad	Pakistani rupee	157,935,100	796,095	198	110,732	63.00	29.74	8.45
Palau	Oceana (North West)	Melekeok	Palauan dollar; United States dollar	19,949	459	43	145	70.14	18.03	6.85
Panama	North America (South East)	Panama City	Panamanian balboa; United States dollar	3,231,502	75,517	43	15,467	75.25	21.74	5.28
Papua New Guinea	Oceana (Central)	Port Moresby	Papua New Guinean kina	5,887,138	462,840	12	4,731	64.93	29.36	7.37
Paraguay	South America (Central)	Asunción	Paraguayan guaraní	6,158,259	406,752	15	8,152	74.89	29.10	4.53
Peru	South America (North West)	Lima	Peruvian nuevo sol	27,968,240	1,285,216	22	78,431	69.53	20.48	6.26
Philippines	Asia (South East)	Manila	Philippine peso	83,054,480	300,000	277	98,306	69.91	24.89	5.47
Poland	Europe (Central East)	Warsaw	Polish zloty	38,529,560	312,685	123	299,151	74.74	9.85	9.84
Portugal	Europe (South West)	Lisbon	Euro	10,494,500	91,982	114	173,085	77.53	10.72	10.43
Qatar	Asia (South West)	Doha	Qatari riyal	812,842	11,000	74	28,451	73.67	15.56	4.61
Romania	Europe (South East)	Bucharest	Romanian leu	21,711,470	238,391	91	98,559	71.35	10.70	11.74
Russia	Asia (North West)	Moscow	Russian ruble	143,201,600	17,098,242	8	763,720	67.10	9.95	14.52
Rwanda	Africa (Central East)	Kigali	Rwandan franc	9,037,690	26,338	343	2,131	46.96	40.37	16.32
Saint Kitts and Nevis	North America (South East)	Basseterre	East Caribbean dollar	42,696	261	164	453	72.15	18.02	8.47
Saint Lucia	North America (South East)	Castries	East Caribbean dollar	160,765	539	298	825	73.61	19.68	5.12
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	North America (South East)	Kingstown	East Caribbean dollar	119,051	388	307	428	73.62	16.18	6.00
Samoa	Oceana (Central East)	Apia	Samoan tala	184,984	2,831	65	399	70.72	16.43	6.54
San Marino	Europe (South Central)	San Marino	Euro	28,117	61	461	478	81.71	10.02	8.07
Saudi Arabia	Asia (South West)	Riyadh	Saudi riyal	24,573,100	2,149,690	11	309,778	75.46	29.34	2.62
Senegal	Africa (North West)	Dakar	West African CFA franc	11,658,170	196,722	59	8,318	58.90	32.78	9.59
Serbia	Europe (South East)	Belgrade	Serbian dinar	9,396,411	88,361	106	24,058	74.73	-	-
Seychelles	Africa (Central East)	Victoria	Seychellois rupee	80,654	455	177	694	71.82	16.03	6.34
Sierra Leone	Africa (North West)	Freetown	Sierra Leonean leone	5,525,478	71,740	77	1,193	39.87	45.76	23.43
Singapore	Asia (South East)	Singapore	Brunei dollar; Singapore dollar	4,483,900	699	6,208	116,764	81.71	9.34	4.16
Slovakia	Europe (Central East)	Bratislava	Slovak koruna	5,400,908	49,033	110	46,412	74.50	10.65	9.43
Slovenia	Europe (South Central)	Ljubljana	Euro	1,966,814	20,256	97	34,030	76.14	8.98	10.22
Solomon Islands	Oceana (Central East)	Honiara	Solomon Islands dollar	477,742	28,896	16	286	72.66	30.01	3.98
Somalia	Africa (North East)	Mogadishu	Somali shilling	8,227,826	637,657	12	1,132	48.09	45.13	16.97
Somaliland	Africa (North East)	Hargeisa	Somaliland shilling	3,500,000	137,600	25	-	-	-	-
South Africa	Africa (South Central)	Bloemfontein	South African rand	47,431,830	1,221,037	39	240,152	43.27	18.20	21.32
South Ossetia	Asia (Central West)	Tskhinvali	Georgian lari; Russian ruble	70,000	3,900	18	-	-	-	-
Spain	Europe (South West)	Madrid	Euro	43,064,190	505,992	85	1,123,691	79.65	10.06	9.63
Sri Lanka	Asia (South Central)	Kotte	Sri Lankan rupee	20,742,910	65,610	316	23,479	73.17	15.51	6.49
Sudan	Africa (North East)	Khartoum	New Sudanese pound; Sudanese dinar	36,232,950	2,505,813	14	27,699	58.54	34.53	9.16
Suriname	South America (North Central)	Paramaribo	Surinamese dollar	449,238	163,820	2	1,342	68.96	18.02	7.16
Swaziland	Africa (South East)	Lobamba	Swazi lilangeni	1,032,438	17,364	59	2,731	33.22	27.41	28.82
Sweden	Europe (North Central)	Stockholm	Swedish krona	9,041,262	449,964	20	354,115	80.51	10.27	10.36
Switzerland	Europe (South Central)	Bern	Swiss franc	7,252,331	41,284	176	365,937	80.51	9.71	8.48
Syria	Asia (Central West)	Damascus	Syrian pound	19,043,380	185,180	103	26,320	70.03	27.76	4.88
São Tomé and Príncipe	Africa (Central West)	São Tomé	São Tomé and Príncipe dobra	156,523	964	162	57	66.99	40.25	6.68
Taiwan (Republic of China)	Asia (Central East)	Taipei	New Taiwan dollar	22,894,384	35,980	636	346,178	77.26	12.56	6.38
Tajikistan	Asia (Central)	Dushanbe	Tajikistani somoni	6,506,980	143,100	45	2,326	64.56	32.65	8.39
Tanzania	Africa (Central East)	Dar es Salaam	Tanzanian shilling	38,328,810	945,087	41	12,111	45.24	37.71	16.71
Thailand	Asia (South East)	Bangkok	Thai baht	64,232,760	513,115	125	176,602	71.95	13.87	6.98
Togo	Africa (North West)	Lomé	West African CFA franc	6,145,004	56,785	108	2,203	57.01	37.01	10.01
Tonga	Africa (Central East)	Nuku'alofa	Tongan pa?anga	102,311	747	137	244	69.53	25.37	5.35
Transnistria	Europe (Central East)	Tiraspol	Transnistrian ruble	555,347	4,163	133	518	-	-	-
Trinidad and Tobago	North America (South East)	Port of Spain	Trinidad and Tobago dollar	1,305,236	5,130	254	14,762	66.73	12.90	10.36
Tunisia	Africa (North West)	Tunis	Tunisian dinar	10,102,470	163,610	62	28,683	74.89	15.52	5.09
Turkey	Europe (Central West)	Ankara	Turkish new lira	73,192,840	783,562	93	363,300	72.36	16.62	5.96
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Asia (Central West)	Nicosia	Turkish new lira	264,172	3,355	79	2,000	-	-	-
Turkmenistan	Asia (Central)	Ashgabat	Turkmenistani manat	4,833,266	488,100	9	6,774	61.39	27.61	8.78
Tuvalu	Oceana (Central East)	Funafuti	Australian dollar; Tuvaluan dollar	10,441	26	402	9	68.01	22.18	7.22
Uganda	Africa (Central East)	Kampala	Ugandan shilling	28,816,230	241,038	120	8,712	51.59	47.35	12.80
Ukraine	Europe (Central East)	Kyiv	Ukrainian hryvnia	46,480,700	603,700	77	81,664	69.68	8.82	14.43
United Arab Emirates	Europe (South West)	Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates dirham	4,495,823	83,600	54	104,204	75.24	18.96	4.26
United Kingdom	Europe (North West)	London	British pound	59,667,840	242,900	246	2,192,553	78.54	10.78	10.18
United States	North America (Central)	Washington, D.C.	United States dollar	298,212,900	9,629,091	31	12,455,068	77.85	14.14	8.25
Uruguay	South America (South East)	Montevideo	Uruguayan peso	3,463,197	175,016	19	16,792	76.13	13.91	9.06
Uzbekistan	Asia (Central)	Tashkent	Uzbekistani som	26,593,120	447,400	59	13,667	64.19	26.36	7.95
Vanuatu	Oceana (Central East)	Port Vila	Vanuatu vatu	211,367	12,189	17	341	62.49	22.72	7.90
Vatican City	Europe (South Central)	Vatican City	Euro	783	-	1,780	19	-	-	-
Venezuela	South America (North West)	Caracas	Venezuelan bolívar	26,749,110	912,050	29	138,857	74.31	18.71	4.90
Vietnam	Asia (South East)	Hanoi	Vietnamese d?ng	84,238,230	331,689	254	52,408	70.61	16.86	6.20
Yemen	Asia (South West)	Sanaá	Yemeni rial	20,974,660	527,968	40	14,452	61.75	42.89	8.53
Zambia	Africa (South Central)	Lusaka	Zambian kwacha	11,668,460	752,618	15	7,257	39.70	41.00	20.23
Zimbabwe	Africa (South East)	Harare	Zimbabwean dollar	13,009,530	390,757	33	3,364	37.82	28.01	21.92

Completed by : [turzo]
link: https://plus.google.com/107119784199315155561/posts?partnerid=gplp0